Tugas Bahasa Inggris 2. COMPREHENSION

The term ‘market’, as used by economists, is an extension of the ancient idea of a market as a place where people gather to buy and sell goods. In former days part of a town was kept as the market or marketplace, and people would travel many kilometers on special market days in order to buy and sell various commodities. Today, however, markets such as the world sugar market, the gold market and the cotton market do not need to have any fixed geographical location. Such a market is simply a set of conditions permitting buyers and sellers to work together.

In a free market, competition takes place among sellers of the same commodity, and among those who wish to buy that commodity. Such competition, influences the prices prevailing in the market. Prices inevitably fluctuate, and such fluctuations are also affected by current supply and demand.

Whenever people who are willing to sell a commodity contact people who are willing to buy it, a market for that commodity is created. Buyers and sellers may meet in person, or they may communicate in some other way: by letter, by telephone or through their agents. In a perfect market, communications are easy, buyers and sellers are numerous and competition is completely free. In a perfect market there can be only one price for any given commodity: the lowest price which sellers will accept and the highest which consumers will pay. There are, however, no really perfect market, and each commodity market is subject to special conditions. It can be said however that the price ruling in a market indicates the point where supply and demand meet. (taken from A Rapid Course in English for Student of Economics by Tom McArthur).

The questions and answers of number 9 and 10

9. What price operates in a perfect market?

–  In a perfect market there can be only one price for any given commodity: the lowest price which sellers will accept and the highest which consumers will pay.

10. What does the ruling price indicate?

–  The price ruling in a market indicates the point where supply and demand meet.

NAMA : LEONARDO GUSTAV PRIMADI

NPM : 24212180

KELAS : 3EB10

Nama anggota kelompok :

1. Ade Muhammad Syarif (20212129)
2. Ibnu Fajri Huda Fofana (23212522)
3. Leonardo Gustav Primadi (24212180)
4. Muhammad DiqI S (24212778)
5. muhammad Farid Rifki (24212941)
6. Tezarianto Wibowo (27212344)

Tugas Bahasa Inggris 2. AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE AGREEMENT

Affirmative Agreement

Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu kalimat kita bisa menggunakan kata “so”atau “too”. Ada perbedaan pada susunan kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so” dan “too”. Silahkan perhatikan rumus berikut:

Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari “to be” digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause).

Contohnya:

1. I am hungry = I am hungry, and you are too.
2. You are hungry = I am hungry, and so are you.

Affirmative statement (to be) + and +                 Subject + to be + too

So + to be + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:

1. Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock, and so is mine.
2. I am sick, and He is too.
3. Our class is clean, and so are theirs.
4. Bella is beautiful, and her sister is too.
5. My hand writing is bad, and so are you.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb), contohnya: will, should, has, have, must, etc pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu nya (auxiliary verb) juga digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause).

Contohnya:

1. He has seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.
2. The girls have seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.

Affirmative statement + and +                              Subject + auxiliary verb only + too

(auxiliary verb)                                                So + auxiliary verb only + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:

1. They will go at noon, and she will too.
2. He has an early appointment, and so have I.
3. They have written their lyrics, and so have we.
4. Richard has lived in Cuba for five years, and they have too.
5. I should finish the report, and she should too.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja (verb) tanpa auxiliary verb pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu do, does, atau did digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause) dan tenses nya harus sama.

Contohnya:

1. We go to school = We go to school, and my brother does too.
2. My brother goes to school = We go to school, and so does my brother.

Affirmative statement + and +                              Subject + (do, does, did) + too

(single verb except ”to be”)                                    So + (do, does, did) + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:

1. We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.
2. My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.
3. My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.
4. They wrote a good poem, and so did he.
5. Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.

Negative Agreement

“Either” dan “neither” memiliki fungsi yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada klausa kedua (second clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative sentence/ agreement). Kata “Either”dan “neither” ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/ agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”, “auxiliary verb” (kata kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata kerja).

Contohnya:

1. I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and Ali didn’t either.
2. I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and neither did Ali.

Negative statement + and +                   Subject + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either

Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:

1. The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.
2. We can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.
3. You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.
4. My brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.
5. He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she

Tugas Kelompok

1. Rob lives in the dorm, (jim) does too / so does him
2. I don’t live in the dorm and (card) don’t either / neither do him

Nama    : Leonardo Gustav Primadi

Kelas     : 3EB10

NPM      : 24212180

Anggota Kelompok

1. Ade Muhammad Syarif
2. Ibnu Fajri H. F
3. Leonardo Gustav P
4. Muhamad Diqi S
5. Muhammad Farid Rifki
6. Tezarianto W

Sumber: http://azharibrianaristya.blogspot.com/2014/05/affirmative-agreement-and-negative.html

Tugas Bahasa Inggris 2. Error Identification TOEFL

In doing Error Identification in toefl, we were asked to identify the parts which are NOT marked grammatically appropriate. We are asked to choose which one is wrong.
In general, there is not very noticeable difference between the structure of English sentences with Indonesian, there are 16 tenses in English, but for daily conversation generally use 3 main tenses : present, past and future. Tense consist of complete sentence. Complete sentence consist of subject (S), predicate (P), object (O) and complement (C).

Ex: she is smart
S    P    C

Exercise:
Present Continous Tense
1. Arizona have a very dry climate
S          P                  C
Past Tense
2. The first steamship to across the Atlantic were the Savana, in1819
S                                                     P                  O
Answer:
1. Arizona have has a very dry climate
S               P                   C
2. The first steamship too across the Atlantic were was the Savana, in 1819
S                                                           P                     O
Tips:
1. Analisa predikat soalnya
2. Lihat keterangan waktu untuk nenentukan tensesnya
3. Tentukan slingular atau plural

Contoh:
My friend, Haris is attending the meeting
S                     P                   O

Name: Leonardo Gustav Primadi
Class: 3 EB 10
NPM: 24212180